Raspberry Pi VPN Server Setup Guide (2025): Protect Your Online Privacy
April 27th, 2025
A VPN server (Virtual Private Network server) is a system that allows devices to securely connect to a private network over the internet. It creates an encrypted tunnel between the client (like your laptop or phone) and the server, protecting your data from eavesdropping and providing privacy.
Key Functions:
• Encrypts traffic: Keeps your data safe from hackers, ISPs, and third parties.
• Hides IP address: A VPN service makes your device appear to hold an IP address that belongs to the VPN server.
• Secure remote access: Lets you access files, devices, or services on your home or office network from anywhere.
• Bypasses restrictions: Helps access websites or services blocked in certain locations.
Key benefits of using a Raspberry Pi as a VPN server
✔ Cost-Effective
Raspberry Pi is inexpensive compared to traditional servers.
Low energy consumption – can run 24/7 for just a few cents a month.
✔ Secure Remote Access to Your Home Network
Access files, IoT devices, cameras, and other network resources from anywhere securely.
Ideal for DIY smart home enthusiasts.
✔ Enhanced Online Privacy
Your device can hide its actual IP by using the IP address of your home network.
Avoid tracking and geo-restrictions by routing traffic through your own server.
Common Use Cases
• Secure Remote Access to Home Network
Connect to your home devices (NAS, printers, smart home hubs) from anywhere in the world.
Work from remote locations as if you were on your home network.
• Protect Your Data on Public Wi-Fi
Safely browse the internet in cafes, airports, or hotels.
Encrypts your traffic to prevent hackers from intercepting sensitive information.
• Bypass Geo-Restrictions
Access region-locked content by routing your connection through your home network.
• Connect to Office Network
Small companies can establish employee secure remote work access by implementing Raspberry Pi virtual private networks.
Affordable alternative to enterprise VPN solutions.
• Safe IoT Device Management
Remotely control and manage smart home devices securely.
IoT communication remains confidential and separated from public Internet connections.
VPN Protocol Options
• OpenVPN
This open-source VPN protocol implements encryption through SSL/TLS security.. https://www.duplichecker.com/It’s highly secure, flexible, and widely supported across platforms. Runs over both UDP and TCP, and can bypass firewalls easily.
• WireGuard
A modern, lightweight VPN protocol that uses state-of-the-art cryptography for high-speed and secure connections. Simpler codebase, faster performance, and easier configuration compared to older protocols.
• IPSec/L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol over IPsec)
Combines L2TP for tunneling with IPSec for encryption. Often used for compatibility with mobile devices. Built into many operating systems but requires more complex configuration.
Requirements
Hardware
• Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 (4/GB/8GB)
• Storage: 8GB/16GB microSD card (Class 10 or better).
• Power Supply: Official Raspberry Pi 5V/3A (USB-C) power adapter.
• Network Connection: Wired Ethernet recommended for stable VPN performance.
Software
• Raspberry Pi OS (Lite or Full) or any Debian-based distro. (64 bit better)
• Static IP or Dynamic DNS Service: Optional but recommended for consistent remote access. Examples: DuckDNS, No-IP.
• Firewall Tools (Optional but Recommended):
https://www.sunfounder.com/blogs/news/how-to-configure-the-firewall-in-raspberry-pi
Setting Up Your Raspberry Pi VPN Server
The PiVPN software solution provides users with an automated system to establish either WireGuard or OpenVPN VPN servers on Raspberry Pi devices.
Key Features of PiVPN:
• Supports WireGuard (fast, modern) and OpenVPN (widely supported).
• Easy command-line installer.
• Automates port forwarding detection and firewall rules.
• Simplified user and key management.
• Lightweight
How to Install PiVPN (Step-by-Step):
1. Update your Raspberry Pi:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
2. Download and Run PiVPN Installer:
curl -L https://install.pivpn.io | bash
3. Follow the On-Screen Prompts:
• Choose VPN type: WireGuard or OpenVPN.
• Set static IP (or confirm existing one).
• Automatically configures firewall rules.
• Choose DNS provider for client connections.
• Configure port and protocol.
4. Create VPN User/Profile:
pivpn add
5. Export Configuration:
Files saved to /home/pi/configs/
Transfer to client or use QR code for WireGuard mobile apps.
• Router Port Forwarding (IMPORTANT)
Forward VPN port 1194 for OpenVPN, 51820 for WireGuard to ip_raspberry_pi
• Managing PiVPN:
• Add new client: pivpn add
• Remove client: pivpn revoke
• Check status: pivpn -c
• List connected clients: pivpn -l
• Install VPN Client App
Install Windows/Linux/macOS: WireGuard App
Import .conf file and activate the tunnel
Security Best Practices
✔Keep Your Raspberry Pi Updated
✔Use Strong VPN Credentials
✔Enable a Firewall
sudo ufw allow 51820/udp # WireGuard (or 1194/udp for OpenVPN)
sudo ufw enable
✔Limit VPN Access
Restrict access to known IP ranges if possible.
Limit VPN server to one protocol/port.
Monitoring and Maintenance
▪ For OpenVPN
• View active clients:
pivpn -c
• Check logs:
cat /var/log/openvpn.log
▪ For WireGuard:
View active peers:
sudo wg show
Check service status and logs:
sudo systemctl status wg-quick@wg0
sudo journalctl -u wg-quick@wg0
▪ Backup Configuration Files
Backup VPN configs and keys:
sudo cp -r /etc/wireguard /home/pi/vpn-backup/
sudo cp -r /etc/openvpn /home/pi/vpn-backup/
Conclusion
Setting up a Raspberry Pi as a VPN server is an affordable and rewarding project that enhances your online privacy and offers secure access to your home network from anywhere. Whether you choose WireGuard for speed and simplicity or OpenVPN for broader compatibility, Raspberry Pi delivers a reliable, energy-efficient solution. With the right configuration and security practices, you can enjoy the benefits of a private VPN server—without the subscription fees or third-party risks. Ready to take control of your digital privacy? Your Raspberry Pi is up to the task.
